BA.2免疫を20-30倍回避するケンタ＆BJ.1のXBBさん爆誕 by ラモス@ramos262740691さん

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ちなみに、ラモスさん推奨の研究者アカウント
・佐藤佳 東京大学医科学研究所教授（Sato Lab）@SystemsVirology
・Yunlong Richard Cao 北京大学 Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center Assistant Professor @yunlong_cao




◆Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces convergent Omicron RBD evolution【bioRxiv　2022年10月4日】

Abstract

Continuous evolution of Omicron has led to numerous subvariants that exhibit growth advantage over BA.5. Such rapid and simultaneous emergence of variants with enormous advantages is unprecedented. Despite their rapidly divergent evolutionary courses, mutations on their receptor-binding domain (RBD) converge on several hotspots, including R346, K356, K444, L452, N460K and F486. The driving force and destination of such convergent evolution and its impact on humoral immunity established by vaccination and infection remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that these convergent mutations can cause striking evasion of convalescent plasma, including those from BA.5 breakthrough infection, and existing antibody drugs, including Evusheld and Bebtelovimab. BR.2, CA.1, BQ.1.1, BM.1.1.1, and especially XBB, are the most antibody-evasive strain tested, far exceeding BA.5 and approaching SARS-CoV-1 level. To delineate the origin of the convergent evolution, we determined the escape mutation profiles and neutralization activity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from BA.2 and BA.5 breakthrough-infection convalescents. Importantly, due to humoral immune imprinting, BA.2 and especially BA.5 breakthrough infection caused significant reductions in the epitope diversity of neutralizing antibodies and increased proportion of non-neutralizing mAbs, which in turn concentrated humoral immune pressure and promoted the convergent RBD evolution. Additionally, the precise convergent RBD mutations and evolution trends of BA.2.75/BA.5 subvariants could be inferred by integrating the neutralization-weighted DMS profiles of mAbs from various immune histories (3051 mAbs in total). Moreover, we demonstrated that as few as five additional convergent mutations based on BA.5 or BA.2.75 could completely evade most plasma samples, including those from BA.5 breakthrough infection, while retaining sufficient hACE2-binding affinity. These results suggest that current herd immunity and BA.5 vaccine boosters may not provide sufficiently broad protection against infection. Broad-spectrum SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and NAb drugs development should be of high priority, and the constructed convergent mutants could serve to examine their effectiveness in advance.

Main

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 have demonstrated strong neutralization evasion capability, posing severe challenges to the efficacy of existing humoral immunity established through vaccination and infection 1-15. Nevertheless, Omicron is continuously evolving, leading to various new subvariants, including BA.2.75 and BA.4.6 16-22. Importantly, a high proportion of these emerging variants display significant growth advantages over BA.5, such as BA.2.3.20, BA.2.75.2, CA.1, BR.2, BN.1, BM.1.1.1, BU.1, BQ.1.1, and XBB (Fig. 1a) 23. Such rapid and simultaneous emergence of multiple variants with enormous growth advantages is unprecedented. Notably, although these derivative subvariants appear to diverge along the evolutionary course, the mutations they carry on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) converge on the same sites, including R346, K444, V445, G446, N450, L452, N460, F486, F490, and R493 (Fig. 1b, Extended Data Fig. 1). Most mutations on these residues are known to be antibody-evasive, as revealed by deep mutational scanning (DMS) 1,2,24-26. It’s crucial to examine the impact of these convergent mutations on antibody-escaping capability, receptor binding affinity, and the efficacy of vaccines and antibody therapeutics. It’s also important to investigate the driving force behind this accelerated emergence of RBD mutations, what such mutational convergence would lead to, and how we can prepare for such convergent RBD evolution.